Of all skin cancers only 3% will be melanoma skin cancer, but it causes the most skin cancer deaths (www.cancer.org, 04/2006). The American Cancer Society, ACS, estimates that in 2007 there will be about 59,940 newly diagnosed melanoma cases in the US with 13.5% dying from the disease.

 As with any skin cancer, the number one way to reduce your risk of Melanoma is consistently protecting yourself from the sun by wearing sunscreen with 15 SPF or greater, head coverings, sunglasses and staying indoors during the hottest part of the day—10 am to 3 pm. Studies have found that the risk of Melanoma increase when people under the age of 20 have overexposure to sun. It is extremely important that children are consistently protected from the rays of sun as well.

 Melanoma starts in cells in the skin called melanocytes (What You Need to Know about Melanoma, 2002). Melanocytes produce melanin which gives a person their skin color. When melanocytes are exposed to sun they produce more melanin called a tan. During the process of producing more melanin something goes wrong, just like with any cancer, and melanoma is formed. Research is still being performed on why cells don’t divide properly which then creates cancer tumors. Melanoma is rare in black people or in people with dark skin, but is possible. It is important for all people of different colors and races to protect their skin from the sun.

 When doing regular skin checks, the signs for an irregularity of the skin to be melanoma are Asymmetry, Border, Color, and Diamter—ABCD. Asymmetry is if the shape is not consistent from side to side. Border is if it has a jagged border. Color is if the irregularity is many different shades. Diameter is if the area is larger than a pencil eraser.

If melanoma skin cancer is diagnosed, it is important that a patient plays an active role in their treatment. This includes asking questions, getting a second opinion, reading material on their diagnosis and more. Working with the cancer treatment team is a way to assist in coping and have control over your treatment.

NCI booklet, What you Need to Know about Melanoma, 2002

NCI booklet, What you Need to Know about Skin Cancer, 1995
www.cancer.org

www.iowaskindoctors.com, Individual
s' Risk of Melanoma Increases with Time Outdoors, Especially in High-Sunlight  Areas

www.iowaskindoctors.com, Melanoma/Skin Cancer Detection and Prevention Month